• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a panel (1, 4, 5) comprising a panel top (1a) and a panel bottom (1b) as well as at least four panel edges, which are opposite each other in pairs, with complementary retaining profiles provided in pairs on the panel edges, which fit together in such a way that panels of the same type can be fastened to one another, at least one of the retaining profile pairs being provided with hook profiles, namely on one panel edge with a receiving hook (6) and on the opposite panel edge with a locking hook (7), the receiving hook (6) having a receiving edge directed towards the panel top (la) (8) and a receiving groove (9) open to the panel top and the locking hook (7) is provided with a locking edge (10) directed towards the panel bottom (1b) and with a locking groove (11) open to the panel bottom (1b), the receiving edge (8) has an inside which faces the receiving groove (9), and this inside as a lower locking device surface (12) is used, and to match the locking edge (10) has an inside facing the locking groove (11), and this inside serves as a corresponding upper locking surface (13), with the proviso that both the lower locking surface (12 ) as well as the upper locking surface (13) is inclined in relation to the perpendicular (L) on the panel top side (1a) in such a way that they are aligned parallel to one another in the locked state and can touch, the inclination of the locking surfaces (12, 13) is chosen so that the normal vector (N12) on the lower locking surface (12) intersects the panel top side (1a) and the normal vector (N13) on the upper locking surface (13) intersects the panel underside (1b), with a lower latching (14) is provided, which comprises a first latching means (15, 15a) which is arranged on an outer side (8a) of the receiving edge (8), and the lower latching (14) a second Ras corresponding thereto t means (16, 16a) which is arranged on a set back groove flank (11a) of the locking groove (11), at least a portion (8b) of the top of the receiving edge (8) in the direction of the outside (8a) of the receiving edge (8) downwardly inclined, at least a portion (11b) of the groove base of the locking groove (11) being adapted in a complementary manner to the inclination of the portion (8b) of the upper side of the receiving edge (8).
    公开号:AT17258U1
    申请号:TGM76/2020U
    申请日:2015-12-07
    公开日:2021-10-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:I4F Licensing Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    The invention relates to a panel comprising a panel top and a panel bottom as well as at least four panel edges, which are opposed in pairs, with complementary retaining profiles provided in pairs on the panel edges, which match each other in such a way that panels of the same type can be fastened to one another, with at least one of the retaining profile pairs is provided with hook profiles, namely on one panel edge with a receiving hook and on the opposite panel edge with a locking hook.
    With such panels, for example, floor coverings are produced, such panels are particularly suitable for floating floor coverings. The panels usually have decorative surfaces.
    The proposed panel should be suitable for locking according to the "fold-down method". For this method, a type of panel is used in which one of the Halteprofilpbaare is provided with a modified tongue and groove profile, while the other pair of retaining profiles with the inventive For the fold-down method, a new panel is angled and preferably brought with its tongue profile edge to the groove profile edge of a horizontal panel or a row of panels During the above-mentioned pivoting movement, a positive locking of the hook profiles is produced at the same time, because one of the hook profiles moves like scissors towards the other hook profile and hooks positively with it.
    The proposed hook profiles are also suitable for a pushdown locking. For a push-down locking, all retaining profile pairs of a panel must be able to be connected by a vertical movement, i.e. for example by a lowering movement of a panel, namely in a direction perpendicular to the top of the panel (vertical). The fold-down method cannot then be used.
    In practice it happens that a panel can not be locked at the end of a row of panels because a wall in the way and the panel is too long. So that the gap in the floor can be closed, it is common to cut through a panel, e.g. with a saw, in order to shorten it to the required length. As a rule, a new row of panels can be started with the cut off remainder of the panel. In principle, the complementary retaining profiles of a severed panel always fit into one another. In principle, therefore, complementary retaining profile edges of a severed panel can be locked together.
    WO 01/02670 proposes different pairs of hook profiles. The hook profiles should prevent the panels from being pulled apart horizontally, i.e. in the plane of the panel and perpendicular to the locked panel edges. It turns out, however, with a load in the mentioned horizontal direction that the strength of the hook profiles is unsatisfactory.
    Further panels with pairs of hooked profiles are known from WO 2010/143962 A1. The various exemplary embodiments of this prior art suffer from the fact that the hook profile pairs can burst when they are pulled apart in the plane of the panel and perpendicular to the locked panel edges. This happens in particular when the panels are made of artificial wood-based material, which consist of wood particles or fibers that are bound with a binding agent to form a plate material.
    Therefore, the applicant is looking for a panel with an improved pair of hook profiles.
    For this purpose, the invention proposes a panel comprising a panel top and a panel bottom and at least four panel edges, which are opposite in pairs, with complementary retaining profiles provided in pairs on the panel edges, which match each other in such a way that panels of the same type can be fastened to one another, with at least one of the retaining profile pairs is provided with hook profiles, namely on one panel edge with a receiving hook and on the opposite panel edge with a locking hook,
    wherein the receiving hook has a receiving edge directed towards the top of the panel and a receiving groove open to the top of the panel, and the locking hook is provided with a locking edge directed towards the underside of the panel and with a locking groove open to the underside of the panel, the receiving edge having an inside that faces the receiving groove and this inside serves as the lower locking surface, and to match the locking edge has an inner side which faces the locking groove, and this inner side serves as a corresponding upper locking surface, with the proviso that both the upper locking surface and the lower locking surface are opposite the perpendicular on the top of the panel is inclined in such a way that they are aligned parallel to one another in the locked state and can touch, the inclination of the locking surfaces being selected so that the normal vector on the lower locking surface intersects the top of the panel and the like nd the normal vector on the upper locking surface intersects the underside of the panel, a lower latching being provided which comprises a first latching means which is arranged on an outside of the receiving edge, and the lower latching comprises a corresponding second latching means which is located on a set back groove flank of the Locking groove is arranged, wherein at least a portion of the top of the receiving edge extends downwardly inclined in the direction of the outside of the receiving edge, wherein at least a portion of the groove bottom of the locking groove is adapted in a complementary manner to the inclination of the top of the receiving edge.
    According to the invention, the normal vector is directed vertically outward from the corresponding locking surface (not directed into the panel material). The normal vector forms an angle with the respective panel side that it intersects, which is the same size as the angle by which the locking surfaces are inclined relative to the perpendicular on the top of the panel (alternating angle). The inclination of the locking surfaces with respect to the perpendicular on the top of the panel can be in an angular range a of 4 ° to 50 °. The angle α is preferably in a range from 5 ° to 30 ° and particularly preferably in a range from 5 ° to 15 °.
    The panel is preferably designed from a wood material, such as HDF, MDF or OSB, which in the broader sense also includes WPC materials (wood plastic composite). Since the locking mechanism requires a certain elasticity, in particular in the area of the first and corresponding second locking means, the materials mentioned are suitable because of their certain elasticity. Alternatively, the panel material can also be a plastic, for example in the case of LVT (luxury vinyl tiles) products, because this plastic also has a certain elasticity.
    If the body of the panel consists at least partially of a plastic, then an embodiment of a body made of a plastic or a wood-plastic composite material (WPG) consist. The carrier plate or the fuselage is formed, for example, from a thermoplastic, elastomeric or thermosetting plastic. Furthermore, recycling materials made of the materials mentioned can be used within the scope of the invention. Plate material is preferably used, in particular made of thermoplastic material, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins (for example polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) , Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or mixtures or co-polymers. Irrespective of the base material of the carrier plate, for example, plasticizers can be provided, which are approximately in a range of z0 wt. % to <20% by weight, in particular <10% by weight, preferably = 7% by weight, for example in a range from = 5% by weight to <10% by weight for example the plasticizer sold under the trade name “Dinsch” by the company BASF. Furthermore, copolymers such as acrylates or methacrylates can be provided as a substitute for conventional plasticizers.
    In particular, thermoplastics also offer the advantage that the products made from them can be recycled very easily. Recycled materials from other sources can also be used. This results in a further possibility for reducing the manufacturing costs.
    Such carrier plates are very elastic or resilient, which allows a comfortable impression when walking and can also reduce the noises occurring when walking compared to conventional materials, thus improved footfall sound insulation can be realized.
    In addition, the aforementioned carrier plates offer the advantage of good water resistance, since they have a swelling of 1% or less. In addition to pure plastic carriers, this surprisingly also applies to WPC materials, as these are explained in detail below.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, the material of the carrier plate can have wood-polymer materials (Wood Plastic Composite, WPG) or consist thereof. Here, for example, a wood and a polymer can be suitable, which can be present in a ratio of 40/60 to 70/30, for example 50/50. Polypropylene, polyethylene or a copolymer of the two aforementioned materials can be used as polymeric constituents. Such materials offer the advantage that they can be formed into a carrier plate even at low temperatures, such as in a range from = 180 ° C to <200 ° C in the above-described method, so that a particularly effective process control, for example with exemplary line speeds in a range of 6m / min. For example, for a WPC product with a 50/50 distribution of wood and polymer components with an exemplary product thickness of 4.1 mm, this can enable a particularly effective manufacturing process.
    Furthermore, very stable panels can be produced, which continue to have a high elasticity, which can be advantageous in particular for an effective and inexpensive design of connecting elements on the edge region of the carrier plate and also with regard to impact sound insulation. Furthermore, the aforementioned good water compatibility with a swelling of less than 1% can also be made possible with WPC materials of this type. WPC materials can have stabilizers and / or other additives, for example, which can preferably be present in the plastic component.
    Furthermore, it can be particularly advantageous that the carrier plate comprises or consists of a PVC-based material. Such materials can also be used in a particularly advantageous manner for high-quality panels, which can also be used without problems in damp rooms, for example. Furthermore, PVC-based materials are also suitable for the carrier plate for a particularly effective manufacturing process, since here, for example, line speeds of 8 m / min can be possible with an exemplary product thickness of 4.1 mm, which can enable a particularly effective manufacturing process. Furthermore, such carrier plates also have advantageous elasticity and water compatibility, which can lead to the aforementioned advantages.
    In plastic-based panels as well as in WPC-based panels, mineral fillers can be advantageous. Talc or calcium carbonate (chalk), aluminum oxide, silica gel, quartz flour, wood flour, gypsum are particularly suitable here. For example, chalk can be provided in a range from = 30% by weight to <70% by weight, the slip of the carrier plate in particular being able to be improved by the fillers, in particular by the chalk. They can also be colored in a known manner. In particular, it can be provided that the material of the carrier plates has a flame retardant.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PE / PP block copolymer with wood. The proportion of the PE / PP block copolymer and the proportion of wood can be between = 45% by weight and <55% by weight. Furthermore, the material of the carrier plate can contain between z0% by weight and <10% by weight of further additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers. The particle size of the wood is between> 0 μm and <600 μm with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of> 400 μm. In particular, the material of the carrier plate can comprise wood with a particle size distribution D10 of = 400 μm. The particle size distribution is related and related to the volumetric diameter
    affect the volume of the particles. The material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized, pre-extruded mixture of a PE / PP block copolymer with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution. The granulate and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of = 400 μm to <10 mm, preferably = 600 μm to <10 mm, in particular = 800 μm to <10 mm.
    According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PE / PP polymer blend with wood. The proportion of PE / PP polymer blend and the proportion of wood can be between 45% by weight and <55% by weight. Furthermore, the material of the carrier plate can contain between z0% by weight and <10% by weight of further additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers. The particle size of the wood is between> 0 μm and <600 μm with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of = 400 μm. In particular, the carrier plate can have wood with a particle size distribution D10 of = 400 μm. The particle size distribution is related to the volumetric diameter and relates to the volume of the particles. The material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized, pre-extruded mixture of a PE / PP polymer blend with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution. The granulate and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of = 400 μm to <10 mm, preferably = 600 μm to <10 mm, in particular = 800 μm to <10 mm.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PP homopolymer with wood. The proportion of PP homopolymer and the proportion of wood can be between = 45% by weight and = 55% by weight. Furthermore, the material of the carrier plate can contain between z0% by weight and <10% by weight of further additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers. The particle size of the wood is between> 0 μm and <600 μm with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of = 400 μm. In particular, the carrier plate can have wood with a particle size distribution D10 of = 400 μm. The particle size distribution is related to the volumetric diameter and relates to the volume of the particles. The material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized, pre-extruded mixture of a PP homopolymer with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution. The granulate and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of = 400 μm to <10 mm, preferably = 600 μm to <10 mm, in particular = 800 μm to <10 mm. In a further embodiment of the invention, the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PVC polymer with chalk. The proportion of PVGC polymer and the proportion of chalk can be between = 45% by weight and = 55% by weight. Furthermore, the material of the carrier plate can contain between z0% by weight and <10% by weight of further additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers. The particle size of the chalk is between> 0 μm and <600 μm with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of = 400 μm. In particular, the material of the carrier plate can include chalk with a particle size distribution D10 of = 400 μm. The particle size distribution is related to the volumetric diameter and relates to the volume of the particles. The material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized, pre-extruded mixture of a PVC polymer with chalk of the specified particle size distribution. The granulate and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of = 400 μm to <10 mm, preferably = 600 μm to <10 mm, in particular = 800 μm to <10 mm.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the material of the carrier plate consists of a mixture of a PVC polymer with wood. The proportion of PVC polymer and the proportion of wood can be between = 45% by weight and <55% by weight. Furthermore, the material of the carrier plate can have between = 0% by weight and <10% by weight of further additives, such as flow aids, thermal stabilizers or UV stabilizers. The particle size of the wood is between> 0 μm and = 600 μm with a preferred particle size distribution D50 of 2400 μm. In particular, the material of the carrier board can be wood with a particle size
    Have Ben distribution D10 = 400 µm. The particle size distribution is related to the volumetric diameter and relates to the volume of the particles. The material of the carrier plate is particularly preferably provided as a granulated or pelletized, pre-extruded mixture of a PVC polymer with wood particles of the specified particle size distribution. The granulate and / or the pellets can preferably have a grain size in a range of = 400 μm to <10 mm, preferably = 600 μm to <10 mm, in particular = 800 μm to <10 mm.
    To determine the particle size distribution, the generally known methods, such as laser diffractometry, can be used. With this method, particle sizes in the range from a few nanometers up to several millimeters can be determined. It can also be used to determine D50 or D10 values which are 50% or 10% of the measured particles smaller than the specified value.
    According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material of the carrier plate has a matrix material comprising a plastic and a solid material, the solid material being at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight .-%, based on the solid material, is formed by talc. The matrix material is present in an amount, based on the material of the carrier, of = 30% by weight to <= 70% by weight, in particular from = 40% by weight to <= 60% by weight, and the solid material, based on the material of the carrier, is in an amount, based on the material of the carrier plate, of = 30% by weight to = 70% by weight, in particular from = 40% by weight to <= 60% by weight .-%, for example less than or equal to 50% by weight. Furthermore, it is provided that the material of the carrier plate and the solid material are present together, based on the material of the carrier plate, in an amount of = 95% by weight, in particular = 99% by weight.
    In such an embodiment of the invention, the solid material can be formed by talc to the extent of at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, for example 100%, based on the solid material. In this context, talc is understood, in a manner known per se, to be a magnesium silicate hydrate which, for example, can have the chemical empirical formula Mg3 [Si4010 (OH) 2]. Thus, the solid content is advantageously formed at least by a large part of the mineral substance talc, which substance can be used, for example, in powder form or can be present in the material of the carrier plate in the form of particles. In principle, the solid material can consist of a powdery solid.
    It can be advantageous if the specific surface density according to BET, ISO 4652 of the talc particles is in a range from = 4 m2 / g to <= 8 m2 / g, approximately in a range from = 5 m2 / g to = 7 m2 / g.
    Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the talc is present at a bulk density according to DIN 53468 in a range of = 0.15 g / cm3 to = 0.45 g / cm3, approximately in a range of = 0.25 g / cm3 to = 0.35 g / cm3.
    The matrix material in such an embodiment of the invention is used in particular to receive or embed the solid material in the finished carrier. The matrix material has a plastic or a plastic mixture. In particular with regard to the production method, as will be described in detail below, it can be advantageous that the matrix material comprises a thermoplastic material. This enables the material of the carrier plate or a component of the material of the carrier plate to have a melting point or a softening point in order to shape the material of the carrier plate in a further process step by the action of heat, as is described in detail below with reference to the process . The matrix material can in particular consist of a plastic or a plastic mixture and optionally an adhesion promoter. These components can preferably make up at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, in particular at least 99% by weight of the matrix material.
    It can also be provided that the matrix material in an amount, based on the material of the carrier plate, of = 30 wt .-% to <= 70 wt .-%, in particular from = 40 wt.% To <= 60 Wt .-% is present. Furthermore, it is provided that the solid material, based on the material of the carrier plate, in an amount, based on the material of the carrier plate, of> 30% by weight to = 70% by weight, in particular = 40% by weight to <= 60% by weight.
    Polypropylene is particularly suitable as a matrix material because on the one hand it can be obtained inexpensively and, as a thermoplastic material, also has good properties as a matrix material for embedding the solid material. In particular, a mixture of a homopolymer and a copolymer can enable particularly advantageous properties for the matrix material. Such materials also offer the advantage that they can be formed into a carrier even at low temperatures, such as in a range from = 180 ° C. to = 200 ° C. in the method described above, so that a particularly effective process management, for example with exemplary Line speeds in a range of 6m / min, can be made possible.
    Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the homopolymer has a tensile strength according to ISO 527-2 which is in a range from = 30 MPa to = 45 MPa, for example in a range from = 35 MPa to <= 40 MPa to achieve good stability.
    Furthermore, it can be particularly advantageous for good stability if the homopolymer has a flexural modulus according to ISO 178 in a range from = 1000 MPa to = 2200 MPa, for example in a range from = 1300 MPa to = 1900 MPa, for example in a range from = 1500 MPa to <= 1700 MPa.
    With regard to the tensile deformation of the homopolymer according to ISO 527-2, it can also be advantageous if this is in a range from = 5% to <= 13%, for example in a range from = 8% MPa to = 10%.
    For a particularly advantageous producibility it can be provided that the Vicat softening temperature according to ISO 306 / A for an injection molded component is in a range from = 130 ° C MPa to = 170 ° C, for example in a range of = 145 ° C to = 158 ° C.
    It can furthermore be advantageous for the solid material to have at least one further solid in addition to talc. This configuration can in particular enable the weight of the material of the carrier plate or of a panel formed with the material of the carrier plate to be significantly reduced compared to a material of the carrier plate or panel in which the solid material consists of talc. Thus, the solid added to the solid material can in particular have a reduced density compared to talc. For example, the added substance can have a bulk density which is in a range of = 2000 kg / m 3, in particular = 1500 kg / m 3, for example <1000 kg / m 3, particularly preferably <500 kg / m 3. Depending on the added solid, further adaptability to the desired, in particular mechanical, properties can be made possible.
    By way of example, the further solid can be selected from the group consisting of wood, for example in the form of wood flour, expanded clay, volcanic ash, pumice, aerated concrete, in particular inorganic foams, cellulose. With regard to aerated concrete, this can be, for example, the solid material used by the Xella company under the brand name YTONG, which essentially consists of quartz sand, lime and cement, or the aerated concrete can have the aforementioned components. With regard to the added solid, this can be composed, for example, of particles which have the same particle size or particle size distribution as the particle sizes or particle size distributions described above for talc. The further solids can in particular be present in the solid material in a proportion which is in a range of <50% by weight, in particular <20% by weight, for example <10% by weight, further for example <5% by weight, lies.
    Alternatively, it can be provided, for example for wood, in particular for wood flour, that its particle size is between> 0um and <600um with a preferred particle size
    distribution D50 of = 400um.
    According to a further embodiment, the material of the carrier plate can have hollow microspheres. Such additives can in particular have the effect that the density of the carrier plate and thus of the panel produced can be significantly reduced, so that particularly simple and inexpensive transport and, furthermore, particularly convenient laying can be ensured. In particular, by inserting hollow microspheres, a stability of the panel produced can be ensured, which is not significantly reduced in comparison to a material without hollow microspheres. Thus, the stability is completely sufficient for a large part of the applications. In this context, hollow microspheres can in particular be understood to mean structures which have a hollow base body and a size or a maximum diameter which is in the micrometer range. For example, hollow spheres which can be used can have a diameter which is in the range from => 5 μm to <100 μm, for example = z20 μm to <50 μm. In principle, any material, such as glass or ceramic, can be used as the material of the hollow microspheres. Furthermore, due to their weight, plastics, such as those also used in the material of the carrier plate, for example PVC, PE or PP, can be advantageous, whereby these can be prevented from deforming during the manufacturing process, for example by suitable additives.
    The hardness of the material of the carrier plate can values in a range of 30-90 N / mm (measured according to Brinell). The modulus of elasticity can range from 3,000 to 7,000 N / mm lie.
    The section of the groove bottom of the locking groove and the section of the top of the receiving edge can be aligned parallel to one another in the locked state.
    The receiving groove of one hook profile is such that the locking edge of the complementary hook profile fits into the receiving groove and the locking groove of the complementary hook profile is such that the receiving edge of one hook profile fits into the locking groove.
    A further development provides that the first latching means of the lower latching has a latching projection, and that the second latching means of the lower latching has a matching latching recess.
    Alternatively, the first latching means of the lower latching mechanism can have a latching recess and the second latching means of the lower latching mechanism can have a latching projection that matches it.
    It can also be useful if an upper latching is provided which has a first latching means on an outside of the locking edge, and a second latching means corresponding thereto is provided on a set back groove flank of the receiving groove.
    Appropriately, the first latching means of the upper latching has a latching projection and the second latching means of the upper latching has a matching latching recess.
    Alternatively, the first latching means of the upper latching can have a latching recess and the second latching means of the upper latching can have a corresponding latching projection.
    Another benefit arises when at least one free space is provided between the underside of the locking edge and the groove base of the receiving groove. The free space can hold dirt particles or other loose particles. In the case of panels made of wood-based materials, for example, particles can become detached from the panel edge, which should not get stuck between the joining surfaces of the hook profiles. Otherwise you could prevent the hook profiles from being locked in the correct position.
    In addition, it is useful if, in the locked state, a gap is provided between the outside of the receiving edge and the groove flank of the locking groove.
    Advantageously, an underside of the locking edge in the locked state touches the groove base of the receiving groove at least in some areas. If a load presses on the upper side of the panel in the area of the locking edge, the locking edge can bear this load because its underside is on
    the groove bottom of the receiving groove of the receiving hook is supported.
    The receiving edge expediently has a transition to the inside of the receiving groove, the transition being provided with a curvature. The curvature provides edge protection. It can also serve to guide the locking edge when it comes into contact with the curvature. So the locking edge is moved down along the curvature into the receiving groove.
    The invention is illustrated below by way of example in a drawing and is described in detail using several exemplary embodiments. Show it:
    Fig. 1 right-hand fold-down method. Fig. 2 left-hand fold-down method
    3 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a panel according to the invention, the panel being shown divided in order to show its opposite hook profiles in the not yet locked state,
    4 shows the hook profiles of the panel according to FIG. 3 in the locked state, [0056] FIG. 4a shows an enlarged detail according to section I! Va in FIG
    FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment for hook profiles of the panel according to FIG. 3 in the locked state,
    [0059] FIG. 5a shows an enlarged detail according to section Va in FIG. 5 [0060] FIG. 5b shows an alternative for FIG. 5a
    6 shows a further exemplary embodiment for hook profiles of the panel according to FIG. 3 in the locked state,
    7 shows a further exemplary embodiment for hook profiles of the panel according to FIG. 3 in the locked state,
    8 shows a further exemplary embodiment for hook profiles of the panel according to FIG. 3 in the locked state,
    8a shows an enlarged detail according to the section Villa in FIG. 8 [0065] FIG. 8b shows an alternative for FIG. 8a
    9 shows a further exemplary embodiment for hook profiles of the panel according to FIG. 3 in the locked state,
    1 shows a perspective fold-down method for locking panels according to the prior art. A new panel 1 is angled at an angle with a tongue profile edge 2 in front of a groove profile edge 3 of a horizontal panel 4 of a previous row of panels. The new panel 1 is then pivoted down into the plane of the mounted panels, with an identical panel 5 already lying in the same row of panels. Due to the pivoting joining movement, the tongue and groove profile edges lock together. The new panel 1 also has a pair of hook profiles, namely a receiving hook (not shown) and a locking hook 6. The locking hook 6 hooks onto the receiving hook 7 and, at the same time as the tongue and groove profile edge is locked, the hook profiles are locked in a form-fitting manner.
    According to FIG. 1, the structure of a floor surface is indicated. In this example, a new panel is always created continuously to the left.
    FIG. 2 shows a second example of a fold-down method known in the prior art.
    method of locking panels. It differs from the method of FIG. 1 only in that a new panel has to be placed continuously to the right, i.e. the panel edges that have the receiving hook or the locking hook have been exchanged compared to the example of FIG. 1.
    Tongue and groove profiles that are suitable for positive locking by means of the fold-down method are well known in the prior art, for example from WO 97/47834 A1 or from WO 00/63510.
    Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of a panel 1 according to the invention with a panel top side 1a and a panel bottom side 1b, with only one pair of retaining profiles of the panel being shown in simplified form. The pair of retaining profiles shown here has complementary hook profiles, namely a locking hook 6 (above) and a receiving hook 7 (below). In order to explain the mode of operation, the panel 1 can be imagined as being cut into two parts, so that the two hook profiles (6 and 7) of the panel can be hooked together. Hook profiles of identical panels are of course locked in the same way.
    The receiving hook 6 has a receiving edge 8 facing the panel top 1a and a receiving groove 9 open to the panel top. The locking hook 7 is provided with a locking edge 10 facing the panel bottom 1b and with a locking groove 11 open to the panel bottom 1b.
    An inner side of the receiving edge 8 faces the receiving groove 9 and this inner side serves as a lower locking surface 12. Matching this, the locking hook 7 forms an upper locking surface 13 on an inner side of its locking edge 10 facing the locking groove 11, which connects to the lower locking surface 12 of the Recording edge 8 cooperates.
    Both the lower locking surface 12 and the upper locking surface 13 are inclined by an angle α relative to the perpendicular L on the top of the panel. The inclinations are matched to one another so that the corresponding locking surfaces 12 and 13 are aligned parallel to one another in the locked state and can touch one another.
    In addition, the inclination of the lower locking surface 12 is selected such that the normal vector N + 42, which is directed vertically outward from the lower locking surface 12, intersects the panel top 1a. Conversely, the normal vector N13 is directed vertically outward on the upper locking surface 13, so that this normal vector N +: 3 intersects the opposite panel underside 1b. In general, the top side of the panel la and the normal vector N +; 2 enclose an angle which is just as large as the above-mentioned angle a (alternating angle). The same applies to the underside of the panel, which forms an equally large angle (alternating angle) with the normal vector N + 3.
    With an underside 10a of the locking edge 10, the locking hook 7 sits firmly on a groove base 9a of the receiving groove 9 of the receiving hook 6. If a load presses on the panel top 1a in the area of the locking edge 10, the locking edge 10 can bear this load because its Underside 10a is supported on the groove base 9a of the receiving groove 9.
    Another function of the hook profiles is that of counteracting a height offset of the locked panel edges. A lower catch 14 is provided for this purpose. This comprises a first latching means in the form of a protruding latching projection 15 on the receiving hook 7. The latching projection 15 is arranged on an outer side 8 a of the receiving edge 8. Corresponding to this, a second latching means in the form of a latching recess 16 is provided on the locking hook 7. The latching recess 16 is arranged on a groove flank 11 a of the locking groove 11 that is set back.
    On the receiving hook 6, a section 8b of the upper side of the receiving edge 8 has a downward slope, namely falling in the direction of the outside 8a of the receiving edge. To this end, a section 11b of the bottom of the locking groove 11 on the locking hook 7 is matched in a complementary manner to the inclination of the section 8b of the upper side of the receiving edge 8.
    In the locked state, the inclined sections 8b and 11b of the upper side of the receiving edge and the base of the locking groove are aligned parallel to one another.
    In addition, a transition from the upper side 8b of the receiving edge 8 to the lower locking surface 12 is provided on the receiving hook 6. The transition is designed as a curvature 17. The curvature 17 is a radius in the present example. A transition with a curvature 18 between the section 11b of the groove base of the locking groove 11 and the upper locking surface 13 is also provided on the locking hook 7. The curvature 17 on the receiving edge offers edge protection and a guide surface. The edge protection is stronger than the protective effect of a phase which has the same width and height as the curvature 17. The curvature 18 forms a groove, in the present example it has a radius and is used for stability in the transition area from the upper locking surface 13 to the groove base the locking groove 11.
    According to FIG. 4, the hook profiles from FIG. 3 are shown in the locked state. The latching projection 15 of the receiving hook 6, which is arranged on the outside 8a of the receiving edge 8, engages positively in the latching recess 16, which is arranged on the set back groove flank 11a of the locking groove 11. The lower latching 14 counteracts a height offset of the two panel tops 1a, i.e. a movement of the panel edges perpendicular to the panel surface is counteracted. A closed joint F is also formed in the horizontal direction on the panel surface 1a. At this joint, an outside 10b of the locking edge 10 is in contact with a set-back groove flank 9b of the receiving groove 9.
    A gap 19 is present between the inclined section 11b of the bottom of the locking groove and the inclined section 8b of the upper side of the receiving edge 8. This favors avoiding a height offset at the joint F of the panel top 1a. In addition, the gap 19 grants the locking hook 7 a certain resilience. It has a point with its smallest thickness, which is located where the locking groove 11 is deepest. The flexibility obtained in this way can be used because the gap 19 creates space into which a deformation can take place.
    FIG. 4a shows a detail which enlarges a section which is noted in FIG. 4 with IVa. In Fig. 4a the locking projection 15 is provided on the receiving hook 6, namely on the outside 8a of the receiving edge 8. The locking recess is provided on the locking hook 7 and there on a set back groove flank Ila of the locking groove 11.
    In an alternative, which is shown in the detail according to FIG. 4b, the positions of the locking recess and locking projection are interchanged. Here, a locking recess 15a is arranged on the receiving hook 6, namely on the outside 8a of the receiving edge 8. A locking projection 16a is then provided on the locking hook 7, namely the locking groove 11 is provided on its set-back groove flank 11a.
    Another exemplary embodiment for a panel with special hook profiles is suggested in FIG. This is based on the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 3 and 4. It differs from this by an additional upper latching 20. The upper latching 20 has a first latching means in the form of a latching projection 21 on the locking hook 7, which is arranged on the outside 10b of the locking edge 10. It works together with a corresponding second latching means on the receiving hook 6, which is provided on the set back groove flank 9b of the receiving groove 9. The second latching means forms a latching recess 22, as can best be seen in the section according to FIG. 5a. FIG. 5a enlarges the detail which is designated by Va in FIG. 5.
    In an alternative, which is shown in the detail according to FIG. 5b, the positions of the locking recess and locking projection are interchanged. Here, a latching recess 21a is arranged on the locking hook, namely on the outside of the locking edge 10. A latching projection 22a is provided on the receiving hook, specifically on the set-back groove flank 9b of the receiving groove 9.
    The embodiment of FIG. 6 shows hook profiles which, starting from FIGS. 3 and 4, have a change, namely in the shown locked state of the hook profiles
    a free space 23 is formed which extends between the groove base 9a of the receiving groove 9 of the receiving hook 6 and an underside 10a of the locking edge 10 of the locking hook 7. The free space 23 extends as far as the outside 10b of the locking edge 10 or as far as the set-back groove flank 9b of the receiving groove 9. The free space 23 can accommodate dirt particles or other loose particles. In the case of panels made of wood-based materials, for example, particles can detach from the edge of the panel. Detached items should not get between the joining surfaces of the hook profiles and get stuck there, because otherwise they would prevent the hook profiles from being locked in the correct position. Between the underside 10a of the locking edge 10 and the groove base 9a of the receiving groove 9, the free space 23 proposed in FIG. 6 is designed in the shape of a gap. The gap-shaped free space 23 continues towards the groove base 9a and in this way creates the desired space for receiving undesired particles.
    The embodiment of FIG. 7 shows hook profiles, which also have a change based on FIGS of the receiving hook 6 and an underside 10a of the locking edge 10 of the locking hook 7 extends. The free space 24 extends up to the lower locking surface 12 of the receiving hook 6 or up to the upper locking surface 13 of the locking hook 7. In order to create the free space 24, the underside 10a of the locking edge 10 is provided with a flat shoulder 24a which protrudes from the underside 10a of the locking edge 10. The free space 24 can also take up dirt particles or other loose particles and, in the case of panels made of wood-based materials, take up any detached wood particles that would otherwise get stuck between the joining surfaces of the hook profiles and prevent the hook profiles from locking in the correct position. In the locked state, the remaining area of the underside 10a is in contact with the groove base 9a of the receiving groove 9 and is thereby supported.
    The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 8 also shows hook profiles that start from FIGS. 3 and 4. Compared to these figures, only the lower catch 14 has been modified. According to FIG. 8, the locking projection 15 of the receiving hook 6 protrudes further from the outside 8a of the receiving edge 8 than in FIG. 4. The depth of the locking recess 16 is unchanged from FIG. This creates a gap 25 between the outside 8a and the set back groove flank 11a of the locking groove 11 of the locking hook 7. The gap 25 improves the ability of the lower latch 14 to be engaged.
    In Fig. 8a, the lower latching 14 is enlarged as a detail. An alternative to FIG. 8a is shown in the detail according to FIG. 8b. Then the position of the locking recess and locking projection is reversed. A latching recess 15a is now arranged on the receiving hook 6, specifically on the outside 8a of the receiving edge 8. For this purpose, a latching projection 16a is provided on the locking hook 7 on its recessed groove flank 11a of the locking groove 11.
    Another exemplary embodiment for hook profiles of the panel is shown in FIG. This is also based on FIGS. 3 and 4 and also integrates all changes that were proposed in the examples of FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8.
    REFERENCE LIST
    1 new panel 1a top side 1b bottom side 2 tongue profile edge 3 groove profile edge
    4 horizontal panel previous row 5 panels of the same panel row
    6 hooks
    7 locking hooks
    8 recording edge
    8a outside
    8b section top
    9 groove
    9a groove base
    9b recessed groove flank 10 locking edge
    10a bottom
    10b outside
    11 locking groove
    11a _Returned groove flank 110 Section of groove base
    12 lower locking surface 13 upper locking surface 14 lower latching
    15 locking projection
    15a locking recess
    16 locking recess
    16a locking projection
    17 curvature
    18 curvature
    19 gap
    20 upper latching
    21 locking projection
    21a locking recess
    22 Notch recess
    22a locking projection 23 free space 24 free space
    25 gap a angle F joint
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Panels (1, 4, 5) comprising a panel top side (1a) and a panel bottom side (1b) as well as at least four panel edges, which are opposite in pairs, with complementary retaining profiles provided in pairs on the panel edges, which fit together in such a way that panels of the same type can be fastened to one another at least one of the holding profile bars is provided with hook profiles, namely on one panel edge with a receiving hook (6) and on the opposite panel edge with a locking hook (7), the receiving hook (6) having a receiving edge (8) directed towards the panel top (1a) ) and has a receiving groove (9) open to the panel top and the locking hook (7) is provided with a locking edge (10) directed towards the panel bottom (1b) and with a locking groove (11) open to the panel bottom (1b), the receiving edge (8 ) has an inside which faces the receiving groove (9), and this inside serves as a lower locking surface (12), and matching the locking edge (10) has an inside facing the locking groove (11), and this inside serves as a corresponding upper locking surface (13), with the proviso that both the lower locking surface (12) and the upper locking surface ( 13) is inclined with respect to the perpendicular (L) on the panel top side (1a) in such a way that they are aligned parallel to one another in the locked state and can touch, the inclination of the locking surfaces (12, 13) being selected so that the normal vector (N + 2) on the lower locking surface (12) intersects the upper side of the panel (1a) and the normal vector (N + 43) on the upper locking surface (13) cuts the underside of the panel (1b), whereby a lower latching (14) is provided, which comprises a first latching means (15, 15a) which is arranged on an outer side (8a) of the receiving edge (8), and the lower latching (14) comprises a second latching means (16, 16a) corresponding thereto st, which is arranged on a set back groove flank (11a) of the locking groove (11), at least a portion (8b) of the upper side of the receiving edge (8) inclined downwards in the direction of the outside (8a) of the receiving edge (8), with at least a section (11b) of the groove bottom of the locking groove (11) is adapted in a complementary manner to the inclination of the section (8b) of the upper side of the receiving edge (8), with at least one free space (23, 24) between the lower side (10a) of the locking edge (10) and the groove base (9a) of the receiving groove (9) is provided, and in the locked state a gap (25) is provided between the outside (8a) of the receiving edge (8) and the groove flank (11a) of the locking groove (11).
    [2]
    2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the first latching means of the lower latching (14) has a latching projection (15), and that the second latching means of the lower latching (14) has a matching latching recess (16).
    [3]
    3. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the first latching means of the lower latching (14) has a latching recess (15a), and that the second latching means of the lower latching (14) has a matching latching projection (16a).
    [4]
    4. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an upper latching (20) is provided, which has a first latching means (21,21a) on an outer side (10b) of the locking edge (10), and on one set back In the groove flank (9b) of the receiving groove (9) a corresponding second latching means (22, 22a) is provided.
    [5]
    5. Panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the first latching means of the upper latching (20) has a latching projection (21), and that the second latching means of the upper latching (20) has a matching latching recess (21a).
    [6]
    6. Panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the first latching means of the upper latching (20) has a latching recess (21a), and that the second latching means of the upper latching (20) has a matching latching projection (22a).
    [7]
    7. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the underside (10a) of the locking edge (10) in the locked state at least partially touches the groove base (9a) of the receiving groove (9).
    [8]
    8. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the receiving edge has a transition to the inside of the receiving groove (9), and that the transition is provided with a curvature (17).
    [9]
    9. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a gap (19) is present between the inclined section (11b) of the groove base of the locking groove (11) and the inclined section (8b) of the top of the receiving edge (8) .
    In addition 5 sheets of drawings
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP3705659B1|2021-11-24|Panel with a hook-like locking system
    EP3333339B1|2021-11-10|Panel
    DE102014106492A1|2015-11-12|paneling
    DE202016102034U1|2016-05-22|Floor panel for the formation of a floor covering
    EP2655761B1|2017-09-13|Panel
    EP2668350B1|2017-08-30|Panel
    EP2318613B1|2014-09-03|Floor panel made of plastic having mechanical locking edges
    DE202015009485U1|2017-12-01|Floor panel for the formation of a floor covering
    EP2989269B1|2020-10-07|Floor board, in particular for flooring
    DE102015111929A1|2017-01-26|paneling
    DE102011001807A1|2012-10-11|Floor panels and process for their manufacture
    WO2010128043A1|2010-11-11|Interlocking system for panels
    EP2180116B1|2015-09-02|Method for producing floor panels made of elastic plastic material
    EP3433447A1|2019-01-30|Wall covering element or floor covering element
    EP3325736B1|2020-09-02|Panel with chamfers on the upper sides of two opposed edges
    DE202015009842U1|2020-08-03|Panel
    DE202019005464U1|2020-09-07|Panel, in particular a floor panel or wall panel
    AT413996B|2006-08-15|BRICK
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    PL3031998T4|2022-01-24|
    EP3230534A1|2017-10-18|
    PL3467233T3|2020-12-14|
    DK3031998T3|2018-01-08|
    LT3467233T|2020-09-25|
    HRP20171956T1|2018-02-23|
    PL3230534T4|2022-01-24|
    RU2711586C2|2020-01-17|
    US10738477B2|2020-08-11|
    RS56653B1|2018-03-30|
    HRP20201234T1|2020-11-13|
    LT3230534T|2020-08-10|
    EP3031998A1|2016-06-15|
    NO3031998T3|2018-02-24|
    JP2021050600A|2021-04-01|
    BR112017012129A2|2018-01-23|
    ES2653662T3|2018-02-08|
    EP3230534B1|2020-04-22|
    HRP20200972T1|2020-10-02|
    CN108026728B|2020-04-24|
    PL3031998T3|2018-03-30|
    AU2021201051A1|2021-03-11|
    RU2019143438A|2020-02-03|
    PT3467233T|2020-08-17|
    DK3230534T3|2020-06-29|
    EP3467233A1|2019-04-10|
    AU2015359590A1|2017-07-27|
    CA2970056A1|2016-06-16|
    HUE037701T2|2018-09-28|
    HUE050129T2|2020-11-30|
    SI3467233T1|2020-10-30|
    DK3467233T3|2020-08-17|
    SI3230534T1|2020-10-30|
    EP3705659A3|2020-09-16|
    EP3705659B1|2021-11-24|
    ES2811224T3|2021-03-11|
    EP3031998B1|2017-09-27|
    DE202015009670U1|2018-12-20|
    CY1119858T1|2018-06-27|
    CN111877676A|2020-11-03|
    US20200354970A1|2020-11-12|
    WO2016091819A1|2016-06-16|
    CN111877677A|2020-11-03|
    UA122566C2|2020-12-10|
    RU2017124001A3|2019-07-17|
    JP2018507968A|2018-03-22|
    KR20170102263A|2017-09-08|
    LT3031998T|2018-02-26|
    AU2015359590B2|2020-12-17|
    PT3031998T|2017-12-29|
    US20170328072A1|2017-11-16|
    RS60778B1|2020-10-30|
    SI3031998T1|2018-04-30|
    JP6854761B2|2021-04-14|
    RU2017124001A|2019-01-11|
    EP3467233B1|2020-06-17|
    HUE051009T2|2021-01-28|
    ES2800165T3|2020-12-28|
    PT3230534T|2020-07-02|
    EP3705659A2|2020-09-09|
    CN108026728A|2018-05-11|
    RS60457B1|2020-07-31|
    PL3230534T3|2020-11-16|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP14196822.2A|EP3031998B1|2014-12-08|2014-12-08|Panel with a hook-like locking system|
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